Tag: solar system

  • Aubrie Henspeter: Leading Commercial Lunar Missions 

    As NASA partners with American industry to deliver science and technology payloads to the Moon, a dedicated team behind the scenes ensures every mission is grounded in strategy, compliance, and innovation. Leading that effort is Aubrie Henspeter, who advises all aspects of procurement for NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative—one of the cornerstone projects supporting the Artemis campaign. 

    A woman dressed in a black suit stands in front of a blue background.
    Official portrait of Aubrie Henspeter.
    NASA/Bill Stafford

    With 20 years at NASA, Henspeter brings multifaceted experience to her role as CLPS procurement team lead in the Lunar & Planetary Exploration Procurement Office at Johnson Space Center in Houston. Her job is equal parts problem-solving, mentoring, and strategizing—all focused on enabling commercial partners to deliver NASA payloads to the lunar surface faster, more affordably, and more efficient than ever before. 

    “It’s been a great experience to see the full lifecycle of a project—from soliciting requirements to launching to the Moon,” said Henspeter. “We work to continuously adjust as the lunar industry grows and improve procurement terms and conditions by incorporating lessons learned.” 

    Henspeter leads a team of six contracting officers and contract specialists, managing workload priorities and supporting the continuity of seven commercial missions currently on contract. She also helps shape upcoming contract opportunities for future lunar deliveries, constantly seeking creative procurement strategies within a commercial firm-fixed-price framework. 

    NASA launched the CLPS initiative in 2018 to create a faster, more flexible way to partner with commercial companies for lunar deliveries. Thirteen vendors are participating as part of a multi-award contract, each eligible to compete for individual task orders to deliver NASA science and technology payloads to the Moon. These deliveries support Artemis goals by enabling new discoveries, testing key technologies, and preparing for long-term human exploration on the lunar surface. 

    A group of five people stand in front of two flags and a NASA emblem. The woman in the middle holds an award.
    Aubrie Henspeter receives the 2023 JSC Director’s Commendation Award from NASA Acting Associate Administrator Vanessa Wyche, right, and Johnson Space Center’s Acting Director Steve Koerner, far left, joined by her sons Elijah and Malik Merrick.
    NASA/James Blair 

    In May 2023, Henspeter received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal for her leadership on CLPS from 2018–2023. For her, the recognition reflects the team’s spirit and collaboration. 

    “I genuinely enjoy working on this project because of its lean, adaptable approach and the amazing team involved,” she said. “When all of us across NASA work together we are the most successful and can achieve our mission.” 

    That sense of collaboration and adaptability has shaped many of the insights Henspeter has gained throughout her career—lessons she now applies daily to help the team stay aligned and prepared. 

    One of those key lessons: always keep the contract current. 

    “It’s all good until it isn’t, and then everyone asks—what does the contract say?” she said. “Open communication and up-to-date documentation, no matter how minor the change, are essential.” 

    Over the course of her career, Henspeter has learned to prioritize preparation, adaptability, and strong working relationships. 

    “Preparation in procurement is conducting thorough market research, understanding the regulations, finding the gray areas, and developing a strategy that best meets the customer’s needs,” she said. “Adaptability means staying committed to the goal while remaining open and flexible on how to get there.” 

    That philosophy has helped her navigate everything from yearlong international contract negotiations with foreign partners to pivoting a customer from a sole-source request to a competitive procurement that ultimately saved costs and expanded opportunity. 

    “NASA is full of brilliant people, and it can be challenging to present alternatives. But through clear communication and data-driven recommendations, we find solutions that work,” Henspeter said. 

    Nine people stand on a rooftop in front of a large building featuring the NASA meatball logo (right) and a U.S. flag.
    NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) team members at Kennedy Space Center in Florida for the launch of Firefly’s Blue Ghost Mission 1, including Aubrie Henspeter (second from left) and teammates Joshua Smith, LaToya Eaglin, Catherine Staggs, Shayla Martin, Tasha Beasley, Jennifer Ariens, Derek Maggard, and guests.

    As she looks to the Artemis Generation, Henspeter hopes to pass along a deep respect for teamwork and shared purpose. 

    “Every contribution matters. Whether it seems big or small, it makes a difference in achieving our mission,” she said. “I take pride in my role and in being part of the NASA team.” 

  • Las carreras en la NASA despegan con las pasantías

    5 min read

    Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

    Students pose side-by-side in front of a static aircraft display in front of a building at NASA Armstrong. The students are wearing professional clothes and sneakers.
    La clase de pasantía 2025 del Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, frente al histórico avión X-1E expuesto en el centro. De izquierda a derecha, los estudiantes: Tyler Requa, Gokul Nookula, Madeleine Phillips, Oscar Keiloht Chavez Ramirez y Nicolas Marzocchetti. 
    NASA/Steve Freeman

    Read this story in English here.

    ¿Sueñas con trabajar para la NASA y contribuir a la exploración y la innovación en beneficio de la humanidad? Los programas de pasantías de la agencia ofrecen a los estudiantes de secundaria y universitarios la oportunidad de avanzar en la misión de la NASA en aeronáutica, ciencia, tecnología y espacio.  

    Claudia Sales, Kassidy McLaughlin y Julio Treviño empezaron sus carreras como pasantes en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, donde siguen explorando los secretos del universo. Sus experiencias ponen de ejemplo el impacto a largo plazo de los programas STEM de la NASA. STEM es un acrónimo en inglés que hace referencia a las materias de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas. 

    A group of engineers work together at a table outside of a testing trailer. A fold-up table is set up with their computers, binders, walkie-talkies, and thermoses while they record and analyze data.
    Claudia Sales, ingeniera jefa interina adjunta del X-59 de la NASA y líder de certificación de navegabilidad para la aeronave de investigación supersónica silenciosa, apoya las pruebas en tierra para los vuelos de Medidas de Investigación Acústica (ARM, por su acrónimo en inglés). La campaña de pruebas para evaluar las tecnologías que reducen el ruido de las aeronaves se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, en 2018.
    NASA/Ken Ulbrich

    Claudia Sales

    “Desde niña supe que quería trabajar para la NASA,” dijo Claudia Sales, ingeniera jefa adjunta en funciones del X-59 y líder de certificación de navegabilidad del avión supersónico silencioso experimental de la agencia.

    La trayectoria de Sales en la NASA comenzó en 2005 como pasante de Pathways, un programa de trabajo y estudio (cooperativo) de la NASA. Ella trabajó en las ramas de propulsión y estructuras y proyectos como el avión de investigación hipersónico X-43A (Hyper-X) y el vehículo de lanzamiento orbital reutilizable X-37, donde tuvo la oportunidad de realizar cálculos para estimaciones térmicas y análisis de trayectorias. También realizó trabajos de diseño en el taller de Fabricación Experimental de la NASA Armstrong. 

    “Mi sueño era formar parte de proyectos de investigación en vuelos únicos,” dijo Sales. “Mi mentor fue increíble al exponerme a una amplia variedad de experiencias y trabajar en algo singular que algún día se implementará en un vehículo aéreo para hacer del mundo un lugar mejor.” 

    A woman standing on a sunny tarmac in front of a research aircraft. She wears sunglasses, a black tee shirt, and jeans. The airplane behind her is white with the front stair ramp open.
    Claudia Sales, ingeniera jefe interina adjunta del X-59 de la NASA y líder de certificación de aeronavegabilidad para el avión de investigación supersónico silencioso, se encuentra frente a un Gulfstream G-III, también conocido como Pruebas de Aviones de Investigación Subsónicos (SCRAT, por su acrónimo inglés). Sales apoyó las pruebas en tierra como conductor de pruebas para los vuelos de Medidas de Investigación Acústica (ARM, por su acrónimo inglés) en el Centro de Vuelos de Investigación Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, en 2018.  
    NASA/Ken Ulbrich
    Woman working with a man on a piece of equipment used for testing. They both wear safety goggles and masks as they manipulate the instrument component with their hands. The woman wears a blue jacket while the man wears a short-sleeve black polo.
    Ingeniera de sistemas de vuelo de la NASA, Kassidy Mclaughlin lleva a cabo pruebas ambientales en una paleta de instrumentación. La paleta se utilizó durante el proyecto Campaña Nacional 2020 de la NASA en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California. 
    NASA/Lauren Hughes

    Kassidy McLaughlin

    Asimismo, Kassidy McLaughlin, ingeniera de sistemas de vuelo, descubrió que la mentoría y la experiencia práctica como pasante fueron clave para su desarrollo profesional. Actualmente ella dirige el desarrollo de una estación de control terrestre en la NASA Armstrong. 

    En la secundaria y la universidad, McLaughlin se inscribió a clases STEM, sabiendo que quería seguir una carrera en ingeniería. Animada por su madre a solicitar una pasantía en la NASA, la carrera de McLaughlin comenzó en 2014 como pasante de la Oficina de Participación STEM de la NASA Armstrong. Más adelante hizo la transición al programa Pathways.  

    “Mi mentor me dio las herramientas necesarias y me animó a hacer preguntas,” dijo McLaughlin. “Me ayudó a ver que era capaz de cualquier cosa si me lo proponía.” 

    Durante cinco rotaciones como pasante, ella trabajó en el proyecto Sistemas de Aeronaves no tripulados integrados en el Sistema Nacional del Espacio Aéreo (UAS in the NAS, por su acrónimo inglés). “Es una sensación muy gratificante estar en una sala de control cuando algo en lo que has trabajado está volando,” dijo McLaughlin. Esa experiencia la inspiró a seguir la carrera de ingeniería mecánica. 

    “La NASA Armstrong ofrecía algo especial en cuanto a la gente,” dijo McLaughlin. “La cultura en el centro es muy amable y todos son muy acogedores.” 

    A man standing on the tarmac in front of an experimental aircraft on a sunny afternoon. He smiles in his flight suit and evacuation pack, ready for flight. The loading window of the aircraft cockpit behind him is propped open.
    Julio Treviño, ingeniero jefe de operaciones del proyecto Global Hawk SkyRange de la NASA, se para en frente de un avión F/A-18 de apoyo a misiones en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelos Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California. 
    NASA/Joshua Fisher

    Julio Treviño

    Julio Treviño, ingeniero jefe de operaciones del proyecto Global Hawk SkyRange de la NASA, garantiza la navegabilidad a lo largo de las fases de planificación, integración y vuelo de sistemas y vehículos singulares. También es controlador de misión certificado, director de misión e ingeniero de pruebas de vuelo para varias aeronaves de la agencia. 

    Al igual que McLaughlin, Treviño comenzó su carrera en 2018 como pasante de Pathway en la rama de Dinámica y Controles en la NASA Armstrong. Esa experiencia le abrió el camino hacia el éxito tras graduarse en ingeniería mecánica. 

    “Como pasante, tuve la oportunidad de trabajar en el diseño y la creación de un modelo de batería para un avión totalmente eléctrico,” dijo Treviño. “Se publicó oficialmente como modelo de software de la NASA para que lo utilice cualquier persona en la agencia.” 

    Treviño también reconoce la cultura y la gente de la NASA como lo mejor de su pasantía. “Tuve mentores que me apoyaron mucho durante mi tiempo como pasante, y el hecho de que todos aqui realmente amen el trabajo que hacen es increíble,” él dijo.  

    2025 Application Deadlines

    Cada año, la NASA ofrece a más de 2,000 estudiantes la oportunidad de influir en la misión de la agencia a través de pasantías. Las fechas de solicitud para el otoño de 2025 es el 16 de mayo.  

    Para obtener más información sobre los programas de pasantías de la NASA, las fechas límite de solicitud y elegibilidad, visite https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/

    Details

    Last Updated

    May 12, 2025

    Editor
    Dede Dinius
    Contact
    Priscila Valdez

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  • NASA Careers Take Off with Internships

    4 min read

    Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

    Students pose side-by-side in front of a static aircraft display in front of a building at NASA Armstrong. The students are wearing professional clothes and sneakers.
    The 2025 internship class at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, stand in front of the historic X-1E aircraft on display at the center. From left are interns: Tyler Requa, Gokul Nookula, Madeleine Phillips, Oscar Keiloht Chavez Ramirez, and Nicolas Marzocchetti.
    NASA/Steve Freeman

    Lee esta historia en español aquí.

    Do you dream of working for NASA and contributing to exploration and innovation for the benefit of humanity? The agency’s internship programs provide high school and college students opportunities to advance NASA’s mission in aeronautics, science, technology, and space.  

    Claudia Sales, Kassidy McLaughlin, and Julio Treviño started their careers as interns at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, where they continue to explore the secrets of the universe. Their journeys highlight the long-term impact of the NASA’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs.

    A group of engineers work together at a table outside of a testing trailer. A fold-up table is set up with their computers, binders, walkie-talkies, and thermoses while they record and analyze data.
    Claudia Sales, NASA’s acting X-59 deputy chief engineer and airworthiness certification lead for the quiet supersonic research aircraft, supports ground testing for Acoustic Research Measurements (ARM) flights. The test campaign to evaluate technologies that reduce aircraft noise was conducted at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, in 2018.
    NASA/Ken Ulbrich

    Claudia Sales

    “I knew since I was a child that I wanted to work for NASA,” said Claudia Sales, acting X-59 deputy chief engineer X-59 deputy chief engineer and airworthiness certification lead for the agency’s quiet supersonic research aircraft.

    Sales’ journey at NASA started in 2005 as a Pathways intern, a NASA work-study (co-op) program. She worked in propulsion and structures branches and supported such projects as the X-43A hypersonic research aircraft (Hyper-X) and the X-37 reusable orbital launch vehicle, where she had the opportunity to perform calculations for thermal estimations and trajectory analyses. She also completed design work with NASA Armstrong’s Experimental Fabrication Shop.

    “It had been a dream of mine to be a part of unique, one-of-a-kind flight research projects,” Sales said. “My mentor was amazing at exposing me to a wide variety of experiences and working on something unique to one day be implemented on an air vehicle to make the world a better place.”

    A woman standing on a sunny tarmac in front of a research aircraft. She wears sunglasses, a black tee shirt, and jeans. The airplane behind her is white with the front stair ramp open.
    Claudia Sales, NASA’s acting X-59 deputy chief engineer and airworthiness certification lead for the quiet supersonic research aircraft, stands in front of a Gulfstream G-III, also known as Subsonic Research Aircraft Testbed (SCRAT). Sales supported ground testing as test conductor for Acoustics Research Measurements (ARM) flights at NASA’s Armstrong Research Flight Center in Edwards, California, in 2018.
    NASA/Ken Ulbrich
    Woman working with a man on a piece of equipment used for testing. They both wear safety goggles and masks as they manipulate the instrument component with their hands. The woman wears a blue jacket while the man wears a short-sleeve black polo.
    NASA’s flight systems engineer, Kassidy Mclaughlin conducts environmental testing on an instrumentation pallet. The pallet was used during NASA’s National Campaign project in 2020 at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.
    NASA/Lauren Hughes

    Kassidy McLaughlin

    Similarly, flight systems engineer Kassidy McLaughlin discovered that mentorship and hands-on experience as an intern were key to her professional development. She currently leads the development of a ground control station at NASA Armstrong.

    In high school and college, McLaughlin enrolled in STEM classes, knowing she wanted to pursue a career in engineering. Encouraged by her mother to apply for a NASA internship, McLaughlin’s career began in 2014 as an intern for NASA Armstrong’s Office of STEM Engagement. She later transitioned to the Pathways program.

    “My mentor gave me the tools necessary, and encouraged me to ask questions,” McLaughlin said. “He helped show me that I was capable of anything if I set my mind to it.”

    During five rotations as an intern, she worked on the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System (UAS in the NAS) project. “It is such a rewarding feeling to be in a control room when something you have worked on is flying,” McLaughlin said. That experience inspired her to pursue a career in mechanical engineering.

    “NASA Armstrong offered something special when it came to the people,” McLaughlin said. “The culture at the center is so friendly and everyone is so welcoming.”

    A man standing on the tarmac in front of an experimental aircraft on a sunny afternoon. He smiles in his flight suit and evacuation pack, ready for flight. The loading window of the aircraft cockpit behind him is propped open.
    Julio Treviño, lead operations engineer for NASA’s Global Hawk SkyRange project, stands in front of an F/A-18 mission support aircraft at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.
    NASA/Joshua Fisher

    Julio Treviño

    Julio Treviño, lead operations engineer for NASA’s Global Hawk SkyRange project, ensures airworthiness throughout the planning, integration, and flight phases of unique systems and vehicles. He is also a certified mission controller, mission director, and flight test engineer for various agency aircraft.

    Much like McLaughlin, Treviño began his journey in 2018 as a Pathway’s intern for the Dynamic and Controls branch at NASA Armstrong. That experience paved the way for success after graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering.

    “As an intern, I had the opportunity to work on designing and creating a battery model for an all-electric aircraft,” Treviño said. “It was officially published as a NASA software model for use by anyone throughout the agency.”

    Treviño also credits NASA’s culture and people as the best part of his internship. “I had very supportive mentors throughout my time as an intern and the fact that everyone here genuinely loves the work that they do is awesome,” he said.

    2025 Application Deadlines

    Every year, NASA provides more than 2,000 students the opportunity to impact the agency’s mission through hands-on internships. The 2025 application for fall is May 16, 2025.

    To learn more about NASA’s internship programs, application deadlines, and eligibility, visit https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/

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    Last Updated

    May 12, 2025

    Editor
    Dede Dinius
    Contact
    Priscila Valdez

  • Jupiter’s Turbulent Atmosphere

    Part of Jupiter is visible in this image. Its iconic belts and zones stand out in rusty red and blue, along with turbulent activity on their edges.
    Image data: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS; Image processing: Jackie Branc (CC BY)

    JunoCam, the visible light imager aboard NASA’s Juno spacecraft, captured this view of Jupiter’s northern high latitudes during the spacecraft’s 69th flyby of the giant planet on Jan. 28, 2025. Jupiter’s belts and zones stand out in this enhanced color rendition, along with the turbulence along their edges caused by winds going in different directions.

    The original JunoCam data used to produce this view was taken from an altitude of about 36,000 miles (58,000 kilometers) above Jupiter’s cloud tops. JunoCam’s raw images are available for the public to peruse and process into image products. Citizen scientist Jackie Branc processed the image.

    Since Juno arrived at Jupiter in 2016, it has been probing beneath the dense, forbidding clouds encircling the giant planet – the first orbiter to peer so closely. It seeks answers to questions about the origin and evolution of Jupiter, our solar system, and giant planets across the cosmos.

    Learn more about NASA citizen science.

    Image credit: Image data: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS; Image processing: Jackie Branc (CC BY)

  • NASA Goes Live on Twitch: Design Artemis II Moon Mascot

    Four Artemis II astronauts in their blue flight suits stand smiling in front of a cone-shaped black-and-silver Orion spacecraft.
    Artemis II crew members, shown inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, stand in front of their Orion crew module on Aug. 8, 2023. Pictured from left are CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, and NASA astronauts Victor Glover, Reid Wiseman, and Christina Koch.
    Credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

    NASA will host a live Twitch event to highlight the ongoing Moon Mascot Challenge, which invites the public to design a zero gravity indicator for the agency’s Artemis II crewed test flight around the Moon. Viewers will have the opportunity to provide real-time input to an artist who will create an example of a zero gravity indicator during the livestream. 

    Zero gravity indicators are small, plush items carried aboard spacecraft to provide a visual indication of when the crew reaches space.

    The event will begin at 3 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 13, on the agency’s official Twitch channel:

    https://www.twitch.tv/nasa

    The contest invites global creators of all ages to submit design ideas for a zero gravity indicator that will fly aboard the agency’s Artemis II test flight, the first crewed mission under NASA’s Artemis campaign.

    Up to 25 finalists, including entries from a K-12 student division, will be selected. The Artemis II crew will choose one design that NASA’s Thermal Blanket Lab will fabricate to fly alongside the crew in the Orion spacecraft.

    During this Twitch event, NASA experts will discuss the Moon Mascot Challenge while the artist incorporates live audience feedback into a sample design. Although the design example will not be eligible for the contest, it will demonstrate how challenge participants can develop their own zero gravity indicator designs. The example will be shared on the @NASAArtemis social media accounts following the Twitch event.

    The Artemis II test flight will take NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back. The mission is another step toward missions on the lunar surface to help the agency prepare for future human missions to Mars.

    To learn more about NASA’s missions, visit:

    https://www.nasa.gov

    -end-

    Rachel Kraft
    Headquarters, Washington
    202-358-1600
    rachel.h.kraft@nasa.gov

  • NASA’s Europa Clipper Captures Mars in Infrared

    5 min read

    Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

    Composite image of Mars
    This picture of Mars is a composite of several images captured by Europa Clipper’s thermal imager on March 1. Bright regions are relatively warm, with temperatures of about 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius). Darker areas are colder. The darkest region at the top is the northern polar cap and is about minus 190 F (minus 125 C).
    NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

    Headed for Jupiter’s moon Europa, the spacecraft did some sightseeing, using a flyby of Mars to calibrate its infrared imaging instrument.

    On its recent swing by Mars, NASA’s Europa Clipper took the opportunity to capture infrared images of the Red Planet. The data will help mission scientists calibrate the spacecraft’s thermal imaging instrument so they can be sure it’s operating correctly when Europa Clipper arrives at the Jupiter system in 2030.

    The mission’s sights are set on Jupiter’s moon Europa and the global ocean hidden under its icy surface. A year after slipping into orbit around Jupiter, Europa Clipper will begin a series of 49 close flybys of the moon to investigate whether it holds conditions suitable for life.

    A key element of that investigation will be thermal imaging — global scans of Europa that map temperatures to shed light on how active the surface is. Infrared imaging will reveal how much heat is being emitted from the moon; warmer areas of the ice give off more energy and indicate recent activity.

    The imaging also will tell scientists where the ocean is closest to the surface. Europa is crisscrossed by dramatic ridges and fractures, which scientists believe are caused by ocean convection pulling apart the icy crust and water rising up to fill the gaps.

    Colorized composite image of Mars
    This picture of Mars is a colorized composite of several images captured by Europa Clipper’s thermal imager. Warm colors represent relatively warm temperatures; red areas are about 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), and purple regions are about minus 190 F (minus 125 C).
    NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU

    “We want to measure the temperature of those features,” said Arizona State University’s Phil Christensen, principal investigator of Europa Clipper’s infrared camera, called the Europa Thermal Imaging System (E-THEMIS). “If Europa is a really active place, those fractures will be warmer than the surrounding ice where the ocean comes close to the surface. Or if water erupted onto the surface hundreds to thousands of years ago, then those surfaces could still be relatively warm.”

    Why Mars

    On March 1, Europa Clipper flew just 550 miles (884 kilometers) above the surface of Mars in order to use the planet’s gravitational pull to reshape the spacecraft’s trajectory. Ultimately, the assist will get the mission to Jupiter faster than if it made a beeline for the gas giant, but the flyby also offered a critical opportunity for Europa Clipper to test E-THEMIS.

    For about 18 minutes on March 1, the instrument captured one image per second, yielding more than a thousand grayscale pictures that were transmitted to Earth starting on May 5. After compiling these images into a global snapshot of Mars, scientists applied color, using hues with familiar associations: Warm areas are depicted in red, while colder areas are shown as blue.

    By comparing E-THEMIS images with those made from established Mars data, scientists can judge how well the instrument is working.

    “We wanted no surprises in these new images,” Christensen said. “The goal was to capture imagery of a planetary body we know extraordinarily well and make sure the dataset looks exactly the way it should, based on 20 years of instruments documenting Mars.”

    NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter, launched in 2001, carries a sister instrument named THEMIS that has been capturing its own thermal images of the Red Planet for decades. To be extra thorough, the Odyssey team collected thermal images of Mars before, during, and after Europa Clipper’s flyby so that Europa scientists can compare the visuals as an additional gauge of how well E-THEMIS is calibrated.

    Europa Clipper also took advantage of the close proximity to Mars to test all the components of its radar instrument in unison for the first time. The radar antennas and the wavelengths they produce are so long that it wasn’t possible for engineers to can do that in a clean room before launch. The radar data will be returned and analyzed in the coming weeks and months, but preliminary assessments of the real-time telemetry indicate that the test went well.

    To leverage the flyby even further, the science team took the opportunity to ensure that the spacecraft’s telecommunication equipment will be able to conduct gravity experiments at Europa. By transmitting signals to Earth while passing through Mars’ gravity field, they were able to confirm that a similar operation is expected to work at Europa.

    Europa Clipper launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Oct. 14, 2024, via a SpaceX Falcon Heavy, embarking on a 1.8 billion-mile (2.9 billion-kilometer) journey to Jupiter, which is five times farther from the Sun than Earth is. Now that the probe has harnessed the gravity of Mars, its next gravity assist will be from Earth in 2026.

    More About Europa Clipper

    Europa Clipper’s three main science objectives are to determine the thickness of the moon’s icy shell and its interactions with the ocean below, to investigate its composition, and to characterize its geology. The mission’s detailed exploration of Europa will help scientists better understand the astrobiological potential for habitable worlds beyond our planet.

    Managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California leads the development of the Europa Clipper mission in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. APL designed the main spacecraft body in collaboration with JPL and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA Marshall executes program management of the Europa Clipper mission. NASA’s Launch Services Program, based at NASA Kennedy, managed the launch service for the Europa Clipper spacecraft.

    Find more information about Europa Clipper here:
    https://science.nasa.gov/mission/europa-clipper/

    News Media Contacts

    Gretchen McCartney
    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
    818-287-4115
    gretchen.p.mccartney@jpl.nasa.gov 

    Karen Fox / Molly Wasser
    NASA Headquarters, Washington
    202-358-1600
    karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / molly.l.wasser@nasa.gov  

    2025-065

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    Last Updated

    May 12, 2025

  • NASA’s Webb Reveals New Details, Mysteries in Jupiter’s Aurora

    5 Min Read

    NASA’s Webb Reveals New Details, Mysteries in Jupiter’s Aurora

    Three panels, each showing a close-up near-infrared image of Jupiter’s north pole, in shades of orange. The planet is mostly dark. Thick, bright arcs and rings caused by auroras cover the pole. The center and right panels each show the aurora a few minutes later in time, as Webb’s field of view slowly scans over the planet.

    NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured new details of the auroras on our solar system’s largest planet. The dancing lights observed on Jupiter are hundreds of times brighter than those seen on Earth. Full image below.

    Credits:
    NASA, ESA, CSA, Jonathan Nichols (University of Leicester), Mahdi Zamani (ESA/Webb)

    NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured new details of the auroras on our solar system’s largest planet. The dancing lights observed on Jupiter are hundreds of times brighter than those seen on Earth. With Webb’s advanced sensitivity, astronomers have studied the phenomena to better understand Jupiter’s magnetosphere.

    Auroras are created when high-energy particles enter a planet’s atmosphere near its magnetic poles and collide with atoms or molecules of gas. On Earth these are known as the Northern and Southern Lights. Not only are the auroras on Jupiter huge in size, they are also hundreds of times more energetic than those in Earth’s atmosphere. Earth’s auroras are caused by solar storms — when charged particles from the Sun rain down on the upper atmosphere, energize gases, and cause them to glow in shades of red, green and purple.

    Image A: Close-up Observations of Auroras on Jupiter

    Three panels, each showing a close-up near-infrared image of Jupiter’s north pole, in shades of orange. The planet is mostly dark. Thick, bright arcs and rings caused by auroras cover the pole. The center and right panels each show the aurora a few minutes later in time, as Webb’s field of view slowly scans over the planet.
    NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured new details of the auroras on our solar system’s largest planet. The dancing lights observed on Jupiter are hundreds of times brighter than those seen on Earth.
    These observations of Jupiter’s auroras, taken at a wavelength of 3.36 microns (F335M) were captured with Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) on Dec. 25, 2023. Scientists found that the emission from trihydrogen cation, known as H3+, is far more variable than previously believed. H3+ is created by the impact of high energy electrons on molecular hydrogen. Because this emission shines brightly in the infrared, Webb’s instruments are well equipped to observe it.
    NASA, ESA, CSA, Jonathan Nichols (University of Leicester), Mahdi Zamani (ESA/Webb)

    Jupiter has an additional source for its auroras: The strong magnetic field of the gas giant grabs charged particles from its surroundings. This includes not only the charged particles within the solar wind but also the particles thrown into space by its orbiting moon Io, known for its numerous and large volcanoes. Io’s volcanoes spew particles that escape the moon’s gravity and orbit Jupiter. A barrage of charged particles unleashed by the Sun also reaches the planet. Jupiter’s large and powerful magnetic field captures all of the charged particles and accelerates them to tremendous speeds. These speedy particles slam into the planet’s atmosphere at high energies, which excites the gas and causes it to glow.

    Image B: Pullout of Aurora Observations on Jupiter (NIRCam Image)

    A two panel image. On the right is the planet Jupiter as seen in near-infrared light. Its clouds are dark blue and white in color, with some red spots within the clouds, while its poles are tinged with green, yellow and red. A box over the north pole is overlain with more data in shades of orange, displaying auroras as arcs and rings on the planet. To left, this area is shown larger in size and captioned “09:53:57 25 Dec. 2023”.
    These observations of Jupiter’s auroras (shown on the left of the above image) at 3.36 microns (F335M) were captured with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) on Dec. 25, 2023. Scientists found that the emission from trihydrogen cation, known as H3+, is far more variable than previously believed. H3+ is created by the impact of high energy electrons on molecular hydrogen. Because this emission shines brightly in the infrared, Webb’s instruments are well equipped to observe it. The image on the right shows the planet Jupiter to indicate the location of the observed auroras, which was originally published in 2023.
    NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Ricardo Hueso (UPV), Imke de Pater (UC Berkeley), Thierry Fouchet (Observatory of Paris), Leigh Fletcher (University of Leicester), Michael H. Wong (UC Berkeley), Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Jonathan Nichols (University of Leicester), Mahdi Zamani (ESA/Webb)

    Now, Webb’s unique capabilities are providing new insights into the auroras on Jupiter. The telescope’s sensitivity allows astronomers to capture fast-varying auroral features. New data was captured with Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) Dec. 25, 2023, by a team of scientists led by Jonathan Nichols from the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom.

    “What a Christmas present it was – it just blew me away!” shared Nichols. “We wanted to see how quickly the auroras change, expecting them to fade in and out ponderously, perhaps over a quarter of an hour or so. Instead, we observed the whole auroral region fizzing and popping with light, sometimes varying by the second.”

    In particular, the team studied emission from the trihydrogen cation (H3+), which can be created in auroras. They found that this emission is far more variable than previously believed. The observations will help develop scientists’ understanding of how Jupiter’s upper atmosphere is heated and cooled.

    The team also uncovered some unexplained observations in their data.

    “What made these observations even more special is that we also took pictures simultaneously in the ultraviolet with NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope,” added Nichols. “Bizarrely, the brightest light observed by Webb had no real counterpart in Hubble’s pictures. This has left us scratching our heads. In order to cause the combination of brightness seen by both Webb and Hubble, we need to have a combination of high quantities of very low-energy particles hitting the atmosphere, which was previously thought to be impossible. We still don’t understand how this happens.”

    Video: Webb Captures Jupiter’s Aurora

    NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured a spectacular light show on Jupiter — an enormous display of auroras unlike anything seen on Earth. These infrared observations reveal unexpected activity in Jupiter’s atmosphere, challenging what scientists thought they knew about the planet’s magnetic field and particle interactions. Combined with ultraviolet data from Hubble, the results have raised surprising new questions about Jupiter’s extreme environment.
    Producer: Paul Morris. Writer: Thaddeus Cesari. Narrator: Professor Jonathan Nichols. Images: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI. Music Credit: “Zero Gravity” by Brice Davoli [SACEM] via Koka Media [SACEM], Universal Production Music France [SACEM], and Universal Production Music.

    The team now plans to study this discrepancy between the Hubble and Webb data and to explore the wider implications for Jupiter’s atmosphere and space environment. They also intend to follow up this research with more Webb observations, which they can compare with data from NASA’s Juno spacecraft to better explore the cause of the enigmatic bright emission.

    These results were published today in the journal Nature Communications.

    The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).

    To learn more about Webb, visit:

    https://science.nasa.gov/webb

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    View/Download all image products at all resolutions for this article from the Space Telescope Science Institute.

    View/Download the research results from the journal Nature Communications.

    Media Contacts

    Laura Betz – laura.e.betz@nasa.gov
    NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

    Bethany DownerBethany.Downer@esawebb.org
    ESA/Webb, Baltimore, Md.

    Christine Pulliamcpulliam@stsci.edu
    Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.

    Read more: NASA’s Webb Captures Neptune’s Auroras for the First Time

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  • 25 Years of NASA Student Launch

    Four people carry a small, thin white rocket across a grassy field. The photo is taken from a lower angle, so the blue sky stretches out over most of the background.
    NASA/Charles Beason

    Students from the University of Massachusetts Amherst team carry their high-powered rocket toward the launch pad at NASA’s 2025 Student Launch launch day competition in Toney, Alabama, on April 4, 2025. More than 980 middle school, high school, and college students from across the nation launched more than 40 high-powered amateur rockets just north of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. This year marked the 25th anniversary of the competition.

    To compete, students follow the NASA engineering design lifecycle by going through a series of reviews for nine months leading up to launch day. Each year, a payload challenge is issued to the university teams, and this year’s task focused on communication. Teams were required to have “reports” from STEMnauts, non-living objects inside their rocket, that had to relay real-time data to the student team’s mission control. This Artemis Student Challenge took inspiration from the agency’s Artemis missions, where NASA will send astronauts to explore the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefit, and to build the foundation for the first crewed missions to Mars.

    See highlights from the 2025 Student Launch.

    Text credit: NASA/Janet Sudnik

    Image credit: NASA/Charles Beason

  • What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years

    6 min read

    What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years

    One year on, NASA scientists are still making huge discoveries about the largest geomagnetic storm to hit Earth in two decades, the Gannon storm. The findings are helping us better understand and prepare for the ways in which the Sun’s activity can affect us.

    On May 10, 2024, the first G5 or “severe” geomagnetic storm in over two decades hit Earth. The event did not cause any catastrophic damages, but it did produce surprising effects on Earth. The storm, which has been called the best-documented geomagnetic storm in history, spread auroras to unusually low latitudes and produced effects spanning from the ground to near-Earth space. Data captured during this historic event will be analyzed for years to come, revealing new lessons about the nature of geomagnetic storms and how best to weather them. Credit: NASA/Joy Ng

    One year ago today, representatives from NASA and about 30 other U.S. government agencies gathered for a special meeting to simulate and address a threat looming in space. The threat was not an asteroid or aliens, but our very own life-giving Sun.

    The inaugural Space Weather Tabletop Exercise was supposed to be a training event, where experts could work through the real-time ramifications of a geomagnetic storm, a global disruption to Earth’s magnetic field. Driven by solar eruptions, geomagnetic storms can decimate satellites, overload electrical grids, and expose astronauts to dangerous radiation. Minimizing the impacts of such storms requires close coordination, and this meeting was their chance to practice.

    Then, their simulation turned into reality.

    “The plan was to run through a hypothetical scenario, finding where our existing processes worked and where they needed improvement,” said Jamie Favors, director of NASA’s Space Weather Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “But then our hypothetical scenario was interrupted by a very real one.”

    On May 10, 2024, the first G5 or “severe” geomagnetic storm in over two decades hit Earth. The event, named the Gannon storm in memory of leading space weather physicist Jennifer Gannon, did not cause any catastrophic damages. But a year on, key insights from the Gannon storm are helping us understand and prepare for future geomagnetic storms.

    A detailed, fiery image of the Sun showing bright solar flares and textured surface, with a small inset at the bottom right comparing the tiny size of Earth to the massive scale of the Sun.
    NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory captured this image of the Sun on May 7, 2024, in extreme ultraviolet light (at a wavelength of 304 Ångstroms). At center, the active region that instigated the Gannon storm stretches approximately 17 times the size of Earth. (A scaled image of Earth is inset for size reference.) In early May 2024, the active region released a chain of powerful solar eruptions, including several coronal mass ejections, or CMEs — giant clouds of solar particles — that merged to form a superstorm that reached Earth on May 10. Ahead of the storm, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, issued its first severe geomagnetic storm watch in almost two decades.
    NASA/Helioviewer

    Storm Consequences

    The Gannon storm had effects on and off our planet.

    On the ground, some high-voltage lines tripped, transformers overheated, and GPS-guided tractors veered off-course in the Midwestern U.S., further disrupting planting that had already been delayed by heavy rains that spring.

    A green tractor with yellow wheels pulls a red trailer across a flat, dirt-covered field with some trees, a field of green plants, and a partly cloudy sky in the background.
    Some modern tractors use GPS to help farmers plant efficiently and maximize crop yields. During the Gannon storm in May 2024, however, certain GPS-guided tractor models veered off course or stopped working, disrupting or delaying planting for many U.S. farmers.
    Storyblocks

    “Not all farms were affected, but those that were lost on average about $17,000 per farm,” said Terry Griffin, a professor of Agricultural Economics at Kansas State University. “It’s not catastrophic, but they’ll miss it.”

    In the air, the threat of higher radiation exposure, as well as communication and navigation losses, forced trans-Atlantic flights to change course.



    May 11, 2024
    May 18, 2024


    May 11, 2024

    May 18, 2024

    Before and After

    Trans-Atlantic Flights Rerouted during Gannon Storm

    May 11, 2024 – May 18, 2024


    During the Gannon storm on May 10 and 11, 2024, many trans-Atlantic flights took more southerly routes across the ocean to avoid the risk of higher radiation for passengers and crew, as well as to avoid potential communication and navigation losses closer to the North Pole. The first image shows a snapshot of flight patterns on May 11, 2024, at 3:30 UTC (11:30 p.m. EDT on May 10) during the Gannon storm, when flights were redirected to more southern routes. The second image shows the flight patterns one week later, on May 18, 2024, at 3:30 UTC as flights followed their typical route. Credit: Flightradar24

    During the storm, Earth’s upper atmospheric layer called the thermosphere heated to unusually high temperatures. At 100 miles altitude, the temperature typically peaks at 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit, but during the storm it surpassed 2,100 degrees Fahrenheit. NASA’s GOLD (Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk) mission observed the atmosphere expanding from the heat to create a strong wind that lofted heavy nitrogen particles higher.

    A circular heatmap shows a swirling pattern of colors, with red and yellow regions indicating higher values, and blue and green areas showing lower values. The overlay covers the Atlantic Ocean and parts of surrounding continents.
    The unique swirls in this image of GOLD data, show the ratio of lighter oxygen to nitrogen — a key atmospheric indicator — that exhibited a previously unseen structure in Earth’s thermosphere.
    Evans et al. 2024

    In orbit, the expanded atmosphere increased drag on thousands of satellites. NASA’s ICESat-2 lost altitude and entered safe mode while NASA’s Colorado Inner Radiation Belt Experiment (CIRBE) CubeSat deorbited prematurely five months after the storm. Others, such as the European Space Agency’s Sentinel mission, required more power to maintain their orbits and perform maneuvers to avoid collisions with space debris.

    The storm also dramatically changed the structure of an atmospheric layer called the ionosphere. A dense zone of the ionosphere that normally covers the equator at night dipped toward the South Pole in a check mark shape, causing a temporary gap near the equator.

    The Gannon storm also rocked Earth’s magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble surrounding the planet. Data from NASA missions MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale) and THEMIS-ARTEMIS — short for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions-Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun — saw giant, curling waves of particles and rolled-up magnetic fields along the edge of the CMEs. These waves were perfectly sized to periodically dump extra magnetic energy and mass into the magnetosphere upon impact, creating the largest electrical current seen in the magnetosphere in 20 years.

    Incoming energy and particles from the Sun also created two new temporary belts of energetic particles within the magnetosphere. Discovered by CIRBE, these belts formed between the Van Allen radiation belts that permanently surround Earth. The belt’s discovery is important to spacecraft and astronauts that can be imperiled by high-energy electrons and protons in the belts.

    Illustration of Earth surrounded by colorful, concentric rings representing the Van Allen radiation belts, with white magnetic field lines arching around the planet against a black space background.
    The Gannon storm created two extra radiation belts, sandwiched between the two permanent Van Allen Belts. One of the new belts, shown in purple, included a population of protons, giving it a unique composition that hadn’t been seen before. The discovery of the new belts is particularly important for protecting spacecraft launching into geostationary orbits, since they travel through the Van Allen Belts several times before reaching their final orbit.
    NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Kristen Perrin

    Unusual Auroras

    The storm also ignited auroras around the globe, including places where these celestial light shows are rare. NASA’s Aurorasaurus project was flooded with more than 6,000 observer reports from over 55 countries and all seven continents.

    Photographers helped scientists understand why auroras observed throughout Japan were magenta rather than the typical red. Researchers studied hundreds of photos and found the auroras were surprisingly high — around 600 miles above the ground (200 miles higher than red auroras typically appear).

    A torii gate stands by the shore with a small hill in the background, under a night sky filled with stars, a bright moon, and vivid purple and pink auroras.
    In Japan, where it’s typical to see red auroras, numerous skywatchers captured photos of unusual magenta auroras instead. With the help of hundreds of photos like this one shared via social media, researchers found the magenta auroras were exceptionally high — around 600 miles above the ground (compared to a typical maximum height of 400 miles for red auroras, which are usually the highest).
    KAGAYA

    In a paper published in the journal Scientific Reports, the research team says the peculiar color likely resulted from a mix of red and blue auroras, produced by oxygen and nitrogen molecules lofted higher than usual as the Gannon storm heated and expanded the upper atmosphere.

    “It typically needs some special circumstances, like we saw last May,” co-author Josh Pettit of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center said of Japan’s magenta auroras. “A very unique event indeed.”

    Otherworldly Effects

    Impacts of the Sun’s amped-up solar activity didn’t end at Earth. The solar active region that sparked the Gannon storm eventually rotated away from our planet and redirected its outbursts toward Mars.

    As energetic particles from the Sun struck the Martian atmosphere, NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) orbiter watched auroras engulf the Red Planet from May 14 to 20.

    An animated gif of Mars, appearing in grayscale, with a pixellated pattern of purple and white lights shimmering on the left half of the planet, indicating auroras detected by NASA's MAVEN spacecraft.
    The purple color in this animated GIF shows auroras across Mars’ nightside as detected by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument aboard NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) orbiter. The brighter the purple, the more auroras were present. MAVEN took these images between May 14 and 20, 2024, as energetic particles from a solar storm were arriving at Mars. The sequence pauses at the end, when the most energetic particles arrived and overwhelmed the instrument with noise. MAVEN made the observations as it orbited below Mars, looking up at the nightside of the planet. (Mars’ south pole can be seen on the right, in full sunlight.)
    NASA/University of Colorado/LASP

    Solar particles overwhelmed the star camera on NASA’s 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter (which uses stars to orient the spacecraft), causing the camera to cut out for almost an hour.

    On the Martian surface, images from the navigation cameras on NASA’s Curiosity rover were freckled with “snow” — streaks and specks caused by charged particles. Meanwhile, Curiosity’s Radiation Assessment Detector recorded the biggest surge of radiation since the rover landed in 2012. If astronauts had been there, they would have received a radiation dose of 8,100 micrograys — equivalent to 30 chest X-rays.

    A black-and-white photo of a rocky Martian landscape, featuring a large sloped hill with visible layers on the right and a smaller peak in the distance under a hazy sky. Specks of white appear to dot the image from time to time, a response to solar energetic particles from the Sun hitting the camera.
    The specks in this image sequence were caused by charged particles from the Sun hitting one of the navigation cameras aboard NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover on May 20, 2024. The sequence also shows the effects of a wind gust that happened to occur at the same time on the Martian surface.
    NASA/JPL-Caltech

    Still More to Come

    The Gannon storm spread auroras to unusually low latitudes and has been called the best-documented geomagnetic storm in history. A year on, we have just begun unraveling its story. Data captured during this historic event will be analyzed for years to come, revealing new lessons about the nature of geomagnetic storms and how best to weather them.

    By Mara Johnson-Groh, Miles Hatfield, and Vanessa Thomas
    NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

  • Sols 4534-4535: Last Call for the Layered Sulfates? (West of Texoli Butte, Headed West)

    2 min read

    Sols 4534-4535: Last Call for the Layered Sulfates? (West of Texoli Butte, Headed West)

    A grayscale photograph of the Martian surface from the Curiosity rover shows a field of rough and jagged rocks covering the undulating terrain in front of the rover. A portion of the rover is visible at the bottom of the image.
    NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity acquired this image using its Left Navigation Camera on May 6, 2025 — Sol 4532, Martian day 4,532 of the Mars Science Laboratory mission — at 20:46:30 UTC.

    Written by Lucy Lim, Planetary Scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

    Earth planning date: Wednesday, May 7, 2025

    The drive from the Monday plan brought Curiosity up next to a geomorphic contact visible in the orbital data (from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s HiRISE imager). To the east of the contact are the layered sulfates that Curiosity has been driving through ever since climbing out of the Gediz Vallis channel, with a relatively rough surface texture; to the west this rougher texture gives way to a smoother-appearing surface cross-cut at a large scale with the rectilinear “boxwork” features. We are looking forward to seeing what this change looks like from a rover’s-eye view in the drives to come!

    For today’s science plan, the contact is not quite in reach of most of the rover’s instruments, so in the workspace we are focusing on collecting our last observations of the previous unit of layered sulfates. As we saw in the Sol 4532 workspace, many nearby blocks are honeycombed with polygonal fractures. However, this time the geochemical measurements from the APXS and ChemCam LIBS were co-targeted on a smooth brushable target, “Chumash,” which will also be documented in high-resolution imaging by MAHLI. The DRT brush will ensure that measurements of lighter elements such as sodium and magnesium by APXS are representative of the underlying bedrock, rather than the dusty layer on top. The brush will also give MAHLI a better view of the block and a chance to characterize the grain size of these sedimentary rocks.

    The long-distance ChemCam remote-imaging mosaic in this plan is targeting a scour feature on the Texoli butte behind us, likely representing ancient wind events that took place near the time these layers were being deposited.

    The sulfate/boxwork unit contact ahead of us will be imaged in a stereo mosaic by Mastcam. Smaller mosaics will cover some of the polygonal “honeycomb” features in nearby bedrock blocks and troughs in the regolith.

    After making all these observations, the rover will drive across the contact. The second, post-drive sol will include several untargeted and automatically targeted observations. The AEGIS algorithm will provide a LIBS geochemical observation by ChemCam and the modern Martian environment will be monitored with camera measurements of cloud altitudes and atmospheric opacity, as well as the usual passive sensing from REMS and DAN.

    Details

    Last Updated

    May 09, 2025

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  • NASA Astronauts to Answer Questions from Students in New York

    NASA astronauts Anne McClain (bottom) and Nichole Ayers (top), both Expedition 73 Flight Engineers, checkout spacesuit hardware in the Quest airlock and review procedures for a May 1 spacewalk.
    NASA astronauts Anne McClain (bottom) and Nichole Ayers (top), both Expedition 73 Flight Engineers, checkout spacesuit hardware in the Quest airlock and review procedures for a May 1 spacewalk.
    Credit: NASA Johnson Space Center

    NASA astronauts Nichole Ayers and Anne McClain will answer prerecorded questions about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics from students in Bethpage, New York. The two astronauts are currently aboard the International Space Station.

    Watch the 20-minute Earth-to-space call at 12:45 p.m. EDT on Friday, May 16, on the NASA STEM YouTube Channel.

    Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m., Tuesday, May 13, by contacting Francesca Russell at: frussell@syntaxny.com or 516-644-4330.

    The event is hosted by Central Boulevard Elementary School. As part of the call, students will highlight their year-long reading program, “Reading is a Blast-Exploring a Universe of Stories.”

    For more than 24 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts aboard the orbiting laboratory communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through SCaN’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.

    Important research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lays the groundwork for other agency missions. As part of NASA’s Artemis campaign, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars; inspiring Artemis Generation explorers and ensuring the United States continues to lead in space exploration and discovery.

    See videos of astronauts aboard the space station at:

    https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation

    -end-

    Gerelle Dodson
    Headquarters, Washington
    202-358-1600
    gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov

    Sandra Jones
    Johnson Space Center, Houston
    281-483-5111
    sandra.p.jones@nasa.gov

  • NASA Kennedy Engages STEM Participants

    Students from Eau Gallie High School in Melbourne, Florida, visited the Prototype Development Laboratory at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Monday, April 28, 2025. The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) participants are interested in technical trades and had the chance to hear from technicians at the Prototype Development Laboratory who design, fabricate, and evaluate protypes, test articles, and test support equipment.

    NASA Kennedy’s Office of STEM Engagement provides opportunities to attract, engage, and enable students seeking careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

    “My technical training in high school plays a huge role in the work I do every day in the Prototype Laboratory,” said Spencer Wells, mechanical engineering technician at Prototype Development Laboratory. “If it weren’t for that training, I’m convinced I wouldn’t be here at NASA.”

    Some of the participants also have worked on a project to design and build a wheel for a lunar excavator demonstration mission as part of the NASA HUNCH program, an instructional partnership between NASA and educational institutions.

    Image credit: NASA/Frank Michaux

  • Meet Four NASA Inventors Improving Life on Earth and Beyond

    3 min read

    Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)

    Four photos of NASA inventors, clockwise from top-left, Phillip Neudeck, Myron Diftler, Erik Weiser, and Gary Hunter.

    When most people think of NASA, they picture rockets, astronauts, and the Moon. But behind the scenes, a group of inventors is quietly rewriting the rules of what’s possible — on Earth, in orbit, and beyond. Their groundbreaking inventions eventually become technology available for industry, helping to shape new products and services that improve life around the globe. For their contributions to NASA technology, we welcome four new inductees into the 2024-2025 NASA Inventors Hall of Fame

    A robot for space and the workplace

    In a yellow-lit room, Myron Diftler holds a robotic arm

    Myron (Ron) Diftler led the team behind Robonaut 2 (R2), a humanoid robot developed with General Motors. The goal was to create a robot that could help humans both in space and on the factory floor. The R2 robot became the first humanoid robot in space aboard the International Space Station, and part of its technology was licensed for use on Earth, leading to a grip-strengthening robotic glove to help humans with strenuous, repetitive tasks. From factories to space exploration, Diftler’s work has real-world impact. 

    Some of the toughest electronic chips on and off Earth

    In front of an industrial background, Phillip Neudeck holds a computer chip

    Technology developed to one day explore the surface of Venus has to be tough enough to survive the planet where temperatures hit 860°F and the atmosphere is akin to battery acid. Philip Neudeck’s silicon carbide integrated circuits don’t just work — they ran for over 60 days in simulated Venus-like conditions. On Earth, these chips can boost efficiency in wireless communication systems, help make drilling for oil safer, and enable more practical electric vehicles. 

    From developing harder chip materials to unlocking new planetary missions, Neudeck is proving that the future of electronics isn’t just about speed — it’s about survival.

    Hydrogen sensors that could go the distance on other worlds

    In a laboratory, Gary Hunter holds a small sensor between his fingers.

    Gary Hunter helped develop a hydrogen sensor so advanced it’s being considered for a future mission to Titan, Saturn’s icy moon. These and a range of other sensors he’s helped developed have applications that go beyond space exploration, such as factory floors here on Earth.

    With new missions on the horizon and smarter sensors in development, Hunter is still pushing the boundaries of what NASA technology can do. Whether it’s Titan, the surface of Venus, or somewhere we haven’t dreamed of yet, this work could help shape the way to get there. 

    Advanced materials research to make travel safer

    Erik Weiser poses In front of an American flag

    Advanced materials, such as foams and composites, are key to unlocking the next generation of manufacturing. From space exploration to industry, Erik Weiser spent years contributing his expertise to the development of polymers, ceramics, metals, nanomaterials, and more. He is named on more than 20 patents. During this time, he provided his foam expertise to the Space Shuttle Columbia accident investigation, the Shuttle Discovery Return-to-Flight Investigation and numerous teams geared toward improving the safety of the shuttle.  

    Today, Weiser serves as director of the Facilities and Real Estate Division at NASA Headquarters, overseeing the foundation of NASA’s missions. Whether it’s advancing research or optimizing real estate across the agency, he’s helping launch the future, one facility at a time.

    Want to learn more about NASA’s game changing innovations? Visit the NASA Inventors Hall of Fame.

    Details

    Last Updated

    May 09, 2025